Perched atop a dramatic rocky cliff overlooking the Valmarecchia Valley, San Leo is one of Italy’s most enchanting historic villages. Its name derives from Saint Leo, a Dalmatian hermit and companion of Saint Marinus, the founder of the Republic of San Marino. In San Leo, history and legend blend seamlessly into a breathtaking setting.
At the heart of the village stands the imposing Fortress of San Leo, built in a strategic position to dominate the surrounding lands. Thanks to this impregnable stronghold, San Leo was even named the capital of the Italic Kingdom under Berengar II during the Middle Ages.
Throughout the centuries, San Leo endured numerous sieges and power struggles. It came under the control of the powerful Medici family of Florence, was disputed by the Della Rovere dynasty, and eventually became part of the Papal States in 1631.
The Fortress of San Leo and the Mystery of Cagliostro
The magnificent Fortress of San Leo is not only a masterpiece of Renaissance military architecture but also the site of one of history’s most intriguing tales: the imprisonment of the Count of Cagliostro.
An alchemist, adventurer, and controversial figure of the 18th century, Cagliostro was imprisoned here after being convicted of heresy. He spent his final days confined in a tiny, damp, and isolated cell, where he ultimately died under harsh conditions.
Why Visit San Leo?
Today, San Leo is proudly listed among Italy’s Most Beautiful Villages and is a must-visit destination for lovers of history, art, and stunning landscapes. As you stroll through its ancient streets, you can admire the Romanesque Cathedral of San Leone, the pre-Romanesque parish church, and, of course, the Fortress, which now houses museums and exhibitions.
From the fortress’ panoramic terrace, breathtaking views stretch across the Valmarecchia Valley all the way to the Adriatic Sea, offering unforgettable moments at any time of the year.
